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Risk of skin cancer and lymphoproliferative diseases in patients after kidney transplantation
Sidorová, Kristína ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Matoulková, Petra (referee)
Risk of skin cancer and lymphoproliferative diseases in patients after kidney transplantation Author: Kristína Sidorová Tutor: doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Barbora Vaňková Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Organ transplantations (Tx) are associated with the lifelong use of immunosuppressive therapy (IS), which carries with it, among other risks, an increased incidence of malignancies. The most common malignancies after Tx are skin tumors, post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases (PTLD) are also more common in transplant patients. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of skin tumors and PTLD in patients with kidney Tx within one transplant center and to analyze the risk factors associated with these diseases. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study was conduted in the Teaching Hospital Hradec Králové. The study included patients from the age of 18 who had overcome kidney Tx until 24 April 2019, were registered in a transplant clinic in Hradec Králové and had a medical record in the hospital information system. Data collection from medical records took place from 15 April 2019 to 31 December 2019. Collected data included demographic characteristics, family history,...
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Intercellular interactions in skin tumors.
Kučera, Jan ; Smetana, Karel (advisor) ; Masařík, Michal (referee) ; Kovář, Marek (referee)
The dissertation is focused on the study of intercellular interactions in skin tumors. It is based on 5 original publications that cover several topics. We studied the origin of tumor-associated fibroblasts concerning the primary tumor population. We demonstrated using a mouse model that tumor-associated fibroblasts are produced from the host organism and thus did not arise from transformation directly from tumor cells. We also investigated the relationship between tumor-associated fibroblasts and keratinocytes. We have shown that tumor-associated melanoma fibroblasts affect keratinocytes which, under their influence, acquire the features typically observed in migrating cells and cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We studied the interactions between healthy fibroblasts and tumor cells. We have demonstrated that fibroblasts acquired from healthy skin from a patient suffering from melanoma are significantly different from control fibroblasts of healthy donors in the expression profile. Changes in distal fibroblasts support the view of melanoma as a systemic disease. We have further demonstrated that melanoma-associated fibroblasts do not carry a BRAF mutation, in contrast to BRAF positivity of melanoma cells. And therefore, they did not arise from the transition from melanoma. The...
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Risk of skin cancer and lymphoproliferative diseases in patients after kidney transplantation
Sidorová, Kristína ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Matoulková, Petra (referee)
Risk of skin cancer and lymphoproliferative diseases in patients after kidney transplantation Author: Kristína Sidorová Tutor: doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Barbora Vaňková Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Organ transplantations (Tx) are associated with the lifelong use of immunosuppressive therapy (IS), which carries with it, among other risks, an increased incidence of malignancies. The most common malignancies after Tx are skin tumors, post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases (PTLD) are also more common in transplant patients. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of skin tumors and PTLD in patients with kidney Tx within one transplant center and to analyze the risk factors associated with these diseases. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study was conduted in the Teaching Hospital Hradec Králové. The study included patients from the age of 18 who had overcome kidney Tx until 24 April 2019, were registered in a transplant clinic in Hradec Králové and had a medical record in the hospital information system. Data collection from medical records took place from 15 April 2019 to 31 December 2019. Collected data included demographic characteristics, family history,...
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Risk of skin cancer and lymphoproliferative diseases in patients after kidney transplantation
Sidorová, Kristína ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Matoulková, Petra (referee)
Risk of skin cancer and lymphoproliferative diseases in patients after kidney transplantation Author: Kristína Sidorová Tutor: doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Barbora Vaňková Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Organ transplantations (Tx) are associated with the lifelong use of immunosuppressive therapy (IS), which carries with it, among other risks, an increased incidence of malignancies. The most common malignancies after Tx are skin tumors, post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases (PTLD) are also more common in transplant patients. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of skin tumors and PTLD in patients with kidney Tx within one transplant center and to analyze the risk factors associated with these diseases. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study was conduted in the Teaching Hospital Hradec Králové. The study included patients from the age of 18 who had overcome kidney Tx until 24 April 2019, were registered in a transplant clinic in Hradec Králové and had a medical record in the hospital information system. Data collection from medical records took place from 15 April 2019 to 31 December 2019. Collected data included demographic characteristics, family history,...
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Intercellular interactions in skin tumors.
Kučera, Jan ; Smetana, Karel (advisor) ; Masařík, Michal (referee) ; Kovář, Marek (referee)
The dissertation is focused on the study of intercellular interactions in skin tumors. It is based on 5 original publications that cover several topics. We studied the origin of tumor-associated fibroblasts concerning the primary tumor population. We demonstrated using a mouse model that tumor-associated fibroblasts are produced from the host organism and thus did not arise from transformation directly from tumor cells. We also investigated the relationship between tumor-associated fibroblasts and keratinocytes. We have shown that tumor-associated melanoma fibroblasts affect keratinocytes which, under their influence, acquire the features typically observed in migrating cells and cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We studied the interactions between healthy fibroblasts and tumor cells. We have demonstrated that fibroblasts acquired from healthy skin from a patient suffering from melanoma are significantly different from control fibroblasts of healthy donors in the expression profile. Changes in distal fibroblasts support the view of melanoma as a systemic disease. We have further demonstrated that melanoma-associated fibroblasts do not carry a BRAF mutation, in contrast to BRAF positivity of melanoma cells. And therefore, they did not arise from the transition from melanoma. The...
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The diagnostics of tumorous and pigmented skin lesions
TICHÁ, Lea
The skin is the largest organ of the human body. It is a protective shield against heat, light, injury, and infection, regulates body temperature, stores water and fat and serves as a sensory organ. Above all, the human health is very often reflected on the skin. Thus, there are many types of pigmented skin lesions and skin tumors that require proper diagnosis to determine. Early detection of skin cancer allows timely treatment and improves clinical outcome. The collection of equipment and methods used for diagnosing skin cancer has been growing notably over the last decades, yet histologic examination still remains a gold standard. Histopathology is the microscopic examination of biological tissues in order to observe the appearance of diseased cells in very fine microscopic detail, therefore major types and modifications of pigmented skin lesions and skin tumours can be distinguished by these methods. The theoretical part of this theses describes the main types of pigmented skin lesions and skin tumors in terms of morphology, occurrence and other important aspects. It also describes the factors that influence the formation and development of skin cancer and types of prevention against them. The methodical part is focused on the histopathology procedures, from tissue sampling to histopathological evaluation. There is also data analysis describing the incidence of skin lesions a skin cancer at five years (2013-2017) and Euro Melanoma Day 2018 based on collected skin excisions.
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Treatment planning problems of tumours localized in nose area
JEŽKOVÁ, Kristýna
Radiotherapy is a conservative treatment method that is utilised during therapies of tumour diseases. Its objective is to perform a homogeneous irradiation of tumour tissue and simultaneous research of surrounding healthy organs. Distribution of a dose in homogeneous material, at the moment of vertical incidence of the central ray, is not a physical problem. However, in a clinical practice, during irradiation of individual patients we daily encounter problems related to irradiation of non-homogeneous volumes and uneven surfaces. The work focuses on irradiation of tumours localised in a nose area, which is connected with the problems of irradiation of uneven surfaces. The solution is to use a simple compensation bolus. Its application can achieve a homogeneous irradiation of the targeted volume as per the recommendation by ICRU Report 50.
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